The Homeless in America :: essays papers

The Homeless in America I never envisioned that I would be destitute. Although I have perused this announcement made again and again, the realities behind it stay astounding. The realities are that there are a great many destitute in America today. Huge numbers of these individuals had no real option except to get destitute. Financial issues, for example, being laid off work, or the ascent in the expense of lodging had lead individuals to live in the city. A considerable lot of the destitute are ladies that have gotten separated or have ventured out from home as a result of physical maltreatment. These ladies have no instruction since they have not been allowed to proceed to get the training that it takes these days to land the position, so they are compelled to live in the city. They have no family to support them and they are left with no other decision. Individuals with psychological instabilities likewise become destitute regularly. These individuals are unequipped for dealing with the pressure of living all alone. These individuals get kicked out of their homes and are to embarrassed to go to their families in view of their sickness, so we see them on the lanes battling to remain warm. Young moms are additionally compelled to live on the avenues in light of the fact that their families won't help th em. The dads are not there and that constrains them to live in the city. So they should turn to prostitution to pay for the food that their young ones need to remain alive. There are numerous others that become destitute for a wide range of reasons. A portion of these individuals can not resist getting destitute. A portion of these individuals are the illicit workers that come here from different spots to show signs of improvement life yet end up not having enough cash to make it in this hard world that we live in. High school wanderers have various purposes behind venturing out from home however all have a similar explanation behind getting destitute. They basically simply need more cash. Others are medication and liquor abusers and handicapped individuals. With this rundown of individuals there must be some way that we can support these individuals. There has been numerous projects that have been accessible to support these destitute, however just have just prevailing in the short run and have flopped over the long haul.

Battle of Gen X and Gen Y Essay -- essays research papers

The Battle of Gen X and Gen Y There⠡â ¦s no uncertainty about it, the most up to date assorted variety issue in the working environment is age decent variety. Numerous associations have at last made sense of how to enlist youthful ability just to watch them drive down a crash course with prepared representatives over issues like hard working attitude, regard for power, clothing regulation and each work game plan possible. Furthermore, they don't know some solution for it.      With this paper, I chose to take this idea in view of the individuals that I need to work with consistently. They are normally individuals from the Generation X attempting to speak with Generation Y. Not more than a day or two ago I got notification from somebody I am working with,  ¡Ã‚ §Those god d*&# small children don⠡â ¦t need to work. At that point they need to ask  ¡Ã‚ ¥Why do I need to become familiar with this anyways?⠡⠦⠡â ¨ I simply sit back, grin, and contemplate internally there must be a simpler route in getting the data interstate open to individuals regardless of what the age. Great relational abilities are basic to get any message across and there are ordinarily our verbal and composed messages are not gotten and deciphered as planned. That is the reason I decided to take a gander at the Generations of X and Y. I originally needed to characterize what an age is. An age, approximately characterized, is a gathering of individuals who can be demographically recognized by organic patterns and have shared encounters (Stephens Generation X Site, 2004). I did a little research first on the Generation Y babies (1980-1994). These youthful grown-ups are in an alliance all their own. This age has a cheerful standpoint, a decided hard working attitude, and gets killed by wantonness (Mcai-mn.org, 2004). This age likewise enjoys an immediate correspondence approach. Nothing unexpected, they coexist well with the more than sixty age. They have a worldwide point of view, and this might be because of the pace of mechanical change over the most recent twenty years that advances correspondence without obstructions. At the point when you see this gathering nearer, they can adjust quickly, develop continually, acknowledge others effectively and bounce back rapidly. They have the opportunity, apparatuses, and the ability to make a superior world and better outcomes. Presently those Generation X⠡â ¦s have there own affectionate little idiosyncrasies as well! They were raised on TV, Atari 2600s and PCs. They are the age that was brought up in the 1970s and 1980s, and saw this nation experience an egotistical... ... 30 years old. Taking into account that the normal beginning pay of a college alum in 2000 floated around $38,000, while an ever increasing number of associations are making sense of approaches to flex plans, work areas, and sets of expectations, Gen Yers might be more practical than the individuals who laugh at their aspiration. I haven⠡â ¦t discovered at this point in the event that it has worked or not. I am certain trusting it is on the grounds that while looking into this theme it welcomed me to my own acknowledge on what I anticipate. I have to put more an incentive on soliciting individuals what they expect rather from putting my own inclinations on what I think they need. Reference Page Business Week Online Official Website. Overseeing Generation X ¡XPart One on September, 2001. Recovered on March 5, 2004 from http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/sep2001/sb20010928_113.htm Jennifer Jochim, Outpost Contributor. Reality shreds legends about Gen X. Recovered on March 5, 2004 from http://www.jour.unr.edu/station/specials/genx.overvw2.html MCIA official site. Recovered on March 5, 2004 from http://www.mcai-mn.org/assets/articles_generations_0412.html Stephen⠡â ¦s Generation X site. Recovered on March 5, 2004 from http://users.metro2000.net/~stabbott/genxintro.htm.

Buying a Light Box for Seasonal Affective Disorder

Buying a Light Box for Seasonal Affective Disorder Depression Treatment Print Before You Buy a Light Box for Seasonal Affective Disorder Not all light boxes meet the recommended requirements for treating SAD By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 17, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 BSIP / Universal Images Group / Getty Images More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide There are many light box products on the market that claim to help seasonal affective disorder (SAD), but here is what you should know before you invest in one. Not all light boxes meet the recommended requirements for treating SAD. What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder? Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression thats related to changes in seasons. The current formal diagnosis is major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern. As such, it begins and ends at about the same time every year. If youre like most people with SAD, your symptoms start in the late fall or early winter and continue through the winter months, sapping your energy and making you feel moody. Less often, SAD causes depression in the spring or early summer. In either case, symptoms may start out mild and become more severe as the season progresses. Common symptoms of SAD include: Feelings of depression that come and go at the same time each year, usually starting in the fall and winterA lack of energy; feelings of fatigue and lethargy; sleeping more than usualIncreased appetite, sometimes accompanied by weight gainCravings for high-carb and sugary foodsDifficulty focusing and concentrating on normal daily tasksMore severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)Withdrawing from friends and familyLow libidoFeelings of anxiety Dont brush off that yearly feeling as simply a case of the winter blues or a seasonal funk that you have to tough out on your own. Take steps to keep your mood and motivation steady throughout the year. SAD Major Depression Seasonal affective disorder is a subtype of major depression that comes and goes based on seasons. So symptoms of major depression may be part of SAD, such as: Feeling depressed most of the day, nearly every dayFeeling hopeless or worthlessHaving low energyLosing interest in activities you once enjoyedHaving problems with sleepingExperiencing changes in your appetite or weightFeeling sluggish or agitatedHaving difficulty concentratingHaving frequent thoughts of death or suicide Types of SAD There are two different forms of seasonal affective disorder; Fall/Winter SAD and Spring/Summer SAD. Symptoms specific to winter-onset SAD, which is sometimes called winter depression, may include feelings of irritability, low energy, social withdrawal, hypersensitivity to rejection, and a heavy feeling in the arms and legs that begin starting the fall and winter months. Symptoms specific to summer-onset seasonal affective disorder, sometimes called summer depression, may include depression, insomnia, weight loss, poor appetite, and anxiety that begin in the spring and summer months of the year. Treating SAD With Light Therapy If you are diagnosed with SAD, there are a number of different treatment options. Treatment for SAD may include light therapy (phototherapy), psychotherapy, and medications. Light therapy is helpful for 60% to 80% of people with SAD. To treat SAD, a light box needs to have a minimum power rating of at least 10,000 lux. This bright light, which is about five to 25 times the amount of normal indoor lighting, has been shown to reduce symptoms of SAD.   In order for light therapy to be effective, you need to use your light box for at least 30 minutes each day. While direct exposure is important, you should avoid looking directly at the light. Instead, try doing something to stay busy and distracted from the light such as reading a book, watching television, or using your computer.   The light box is generally used first thing in the morning. Before You Buy a Light Box for SAD While light boxes are usually safe and effective, they are not regulated or approved by the FDA for treating SAD.  There are, however, requirements recommended by the Center for Environmental Therapeutics (CET) for effective light box therapy. Make sure that any unit you purchase meets these specifications. Talk to Your Doctor First While you can buy one without a prescription, always talk to your doctor before you begin treatment with a light box. There are some cases in which light therapy may not be advisable, such as if you have bipolar disorder. If you have eye conditions such as eye damage, glaucoma, or cataracts, you should consult with your ophthalmologist before using a light box. Clinical Testing The light box that you buy should have data from peer-reviewed clinical trials to back its effectiveness for treating SAD symptoms. Sufficient Output When you are seated at a comfortable distance from the light box, it should provide you with 10,000 lux of illumination. Avoid products which missing or unverified specifications. UV Filters Fluorescent lamps should have a smooth diffusing screen to filters out harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. The light box that you choose should emit as little UV light as possible. Minimize Glare In order to minimize glare, the light should be projected downward toward the eyes at an angle. Sufficient Size A larger light box is better because even small head movements can take the eyes out of the therapeutic range of the light when a smaller light box is used. Reduce or Prevent SAD Symptoms In addition to light therapy, there are also steps you can take that might help prevent SAD or minimize the severity of your symptoms: Increase your exposure to light, particularly during the fall and winter months. Increase the lighting in your home if possible, keep your curtains and blinds open to let in light, and spend a little time outside each day.Get regular exercise. Increasing the amount of physical activity you get each day may help relieve some feelings of depression. Going for a walk or jog outside each day may be particularly helpful since it also includes increased sun exposure.Try taking a vitamin D supplement. While research is inconclusive, some evidence suggests that increasing the amount of vitamin D in your diet may help prevent or relieve SAD. Always talk to your doctor before starting on any supplement in order to prevent potential drug interactions with other medications you might be taking.Reduce your caffeine intake. Stick to only drinking caffeinated beverages such as tea, coffee, and soda in the morning. Drinking caffeine later in the day may interfere with your ability to sleep well at n ight, and poor sleep may exacerbate feelings of depression. If you have been using light therapy but still have symptoms of SAD, talk to your doctor. You may need different or additional treatments such as medications or psychotherapy to find relief from your seasonal depression.

Buying a Light Box for Seasonal Affective Disorder

Buying a Light Box for Seasonal Affective Disorder Depression Treatment Print Before You Buy a Light Box for Seasonal Affective Disorder Not all light boxes meet the recommended requirements for treating SAD By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 17, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 BSIP / Universal Images Group / Getty Images More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide There are many light box products on the market that claim to help seasonal affective disorder (SAD), but here is what you should know before you invest in one. Not all light boxes meet the recommended requirements for treating SAD. What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder? Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression thats related to changes in seasons. The current formal diagnosis is major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern. As such, it begins and ends at about the same time every year. If youre like most people with SAD, your symptoms start in the late fall or early winter and continue through the winter months, sapping your energy and making you feel moody. Less often, SAD causes depression in the spring or early summer. In either case, symptoms may start out mild and become more severe as the season progresses. Common symptoms of SAD include: Feelings of depression that come and go at the same time each year, usually starting in the fall and winterA lack of energy; feelings of fatigue and lethargy; sleeping more than usualIncreased appetite, sometimes accompanied by weight gainCravings for high-carb and sugary foodsDifficulty focusing and concentrating on normal daily tasksMore severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)Withdrawing from friends and familyLow libidoFeelings of anxiety Dont brush off that yearly feeling as simply a case of the winter blues or a seasonal funk that you have to tough out on your own. Take steps to keep your mood and motivation steady throughout the year. SAD Major Depression Seasonal affective disorder is a subtype of major depression that comes and goes based on seasons. So symptoms of major depression may be part of SAD, such as: Feeling depressed most of the day, nearly every dayFeeling hopeless or worthlessHaving low energyLosing interest in activities you once enjoyedHaving problems with sleepingExperiencing changes in your appetite or weightFeeling sluggish or agitatedHaving difficulty concentratingHaving frequent thoughts of death or suicide Types of SAD There are two different forms of seasonal affective disorder; Fall/Winter SAD and Spring/Summer SAD. Symptoms specific to winter-onset SAD, which is sometimes called winter depression, may include feelings of irritability, low energy, social withdrawal, hypersensitivity to rejection, and a heavy feeling in the arms and legs that begin starting the fall and winter months. Symptoms specific to summer-onset seasonal affective disorder, sometimes called summer depression, may include depression, insomnia, weight loss, poor appetite, and anxiety that begin in the spring and summer months of the year. Treating SAD With Light Therapy If you are diagnosed with SAD, there are a number of different treatment options. Treatment for SAD may include light therapy (phototherapy), psychotherapy, and medications. Light therapy is helpful for 60% to 80% of people with SAD. To treat SAD, a light box needs to have a minimum power rating of at least 10,000 lux. This bright light, which is about five to 25 times the amount of normal indoor lighting, has been shown to reduce symptoms of SAD.   In order for light therapy to be effective, you need to use your light box for at least 30 minutes each day. While direct exposure is important, you should avoid looking directly at the light. Instead, try doing something to stay busy and distracted from the light such as reading a book, watching television, or using your computer.   The light box is generally used first thing in the morning. Before You Buy a Light Box for SAD While light boxes are usually safe and effective, they are not regulated or approved by the FDA for treating SAD.  There are, however, requirements recommended by the Center for Environmental Therapeutics (CET) for effective light box therapy. Make sure that any unit you purchase meets these specifications. Talk to Your Doctor First While you can buy one without a prescription, always talk to your doctor before you begin treatment with a light box. There are some cases in which light therapy may not be advisable, such as if you have bipolar disorder. If you have eye conditions such as eye damage, glaucoma, or cataracts, you should consult with your ophthalmologist before using a light box. Clinical Testing The light box that you buy should have data from peer-reviewed clinical trials to back its effectiveness for treating SAD symptoms. Sufficient Output When you are seated at a comfortable distance from the light box, it should provide you with 10,000 lux of illumination. Avoid products which missing or unverified specifications. UV Filters Fluorescent lamps should have a smooth diffusing screen to filters out harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. The light box that you choose should emit as little UV light as possible. Minimize Glare In order to minimize glare, the light should be projected downward toward the eyes at an angle. Sufficient Size A larger light box is better because even small head movements can take the eyes out of the therapeutic range of the light when a smaller light box is used. Reduce or Prevent SAD Symptoms In addition to light therapy, there are also steps you can take that might help prevent SAD or minimize the severity of your symptoms: Increase your exposure to light, particularly during the fall and winter months. Increase the lighting in your home if possible, keep your curtains and blinds open to let in light, and spend a little time outside each day.Get regular exercise. Increasing the amount of physical activity you get each day may help relieve some feelings of depression. Going for a walk or jog outside each day may be particularly helpful since it also includes increased sun exposure.Try taking a vitamin D supplement. While research is inconclusive, some evidence suggests that increasing the amount of vitamin D in your diet may help prevent or relieve SAD. Always talk to your doctor before starting on any supplement in order to prevent potential drug interactions with other medications you might be taking.Reduce your caffeine intake. Stick to only drinking caffeinated beverages such as tea, coffee, and soda in the morning. Drinking caffeine later in the day may interfere with your ability to sleep well at n ight, and poor sleep may exacerbate feelings of depression. If you have been using light therapy but still have symptoms of SAD, talk to your doctor. You may need different or additional treatments such as medications or psychotherapy to find relief from your seasonal depression.

What Is Wind Shear

Wind shear is the change in speed or direction of wind over a relatively short distance or time period. Vertical wind shear is the most commonly described shear. Wind shear is considered to be severe if the horizontal velocity changes at least 15 m/sec over distances of 1 to 4 km. In the vertical, wind speeds change at rates greater than 500 ft/min. Wind shear occurring at different heights in the atmosphere is termed  vertical wind shear. Wind shear over a horizontal plane, such as along the Earths surface, is termed  horizontal wind shear. Hurricanes and Wind Shear Strong wind shear can tear a hurricane apart. Hurricanes need to develop vertically. When wind shear is increased, there is a greater chance the storm will dissipate because the storm is pushed or spread over a larger area. This NOAA visualization shows the effect of wind shear on hurricanes. Wind Shear in Aviation In the 1970s and 1980s, multiple aviation accidents were attributed to wind shear phenomena. According to the NASA Langley Research Center, about 540 fatalities and numerous injuries resulted from wind-shear crashes involving 27 civil aircraft between 1964 and 1994. These numbers do not include accidents that almost occurred. This image of the effects of wind shear shows wind shear on an airplane. A type of weather phenomenon called microbursts can produce extremely strong windshear. As a downdraft spreads down and outward from a cloud, it creates an increasing headwind over the wings of an oncoming aircraft causing a sudden leap in airspeed, and the plane lifts. Pilots may react by reducing engine power. However, as the plane passes through the shear, the wind quickly becomes a downdraft and then a tailwind. This reduces the speed of air over the wings, and the extra lift and speed vanish. Because the plane is now flying on reduced power, it is vulnerable to sudden loss of airspeed and altitude. (Making the Skies Safe from Wind Shear) Wind shear is the change in speed or direction of wind over a relatively short distance or time period. Vertical wind shear is the most commonly described shear. Wind shear is considered to be severe if the horizontal velocity changes at least 15 m/sec over distances of 1 to 4 km. In the vertical, wind speeds change at rates greater than 500 ft/min. Strong wind shear can tear a hurricane apart. Hurricanes need to develop vertically. When wind shear is increased, there is a greater chance the storm will dissipate because the storm is pushed or spread over a larger area. In the 1970s and 1980s, multiple aviation accidents were attributed to wind shear phenomena. According to the NASA Langley Research Center, about 540 fatalities and numerous injuries resulted from wind-shear crashes involving 27 civil aircraft between 1964 and 1994. These numbers do not include accidents that  almost  occurred. This  image of the effects of wind shear  shows wind shear on an airplane. Updated by Tiffany Means. Resources Links University of Illinois Atmospheric Science ProgramNASA – Making the Skies Safe from Wind Shear

My hero is my Grandmother - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 547 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: My Hero Essay Did you like this example? A hero isn’t someone who wears a mask and a cape. A hero is someone who inspires others, never gives up and encourages you to keep trying and to strive for greatness no matter how hard it gets. Someone who is there for you through the best, and worst, of times. A hero is someone to look up to, someone to inspire and teach you to always do the right thing, who never loses hope with you. Someone who remains strong and confident through everything. My hero is my Grandmother. I chose my grandma, Pat, among all my heroes because she is the kind of person who is understanding and helpful even when you’re in trouble. She’s there whenever I need a hug or advice, and she always tries her best to make me feel safe and happy. I live with me grandma so we push each others buttons, often, but we get over it and are laughing together in a matter of minutes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "My hero is my Grandmother" essay for you Create order My grandma is the absolute strongest woman i know. I was in the 6th grade when we learned that my grandmother had been diagnosed with Breast Cancer. I didn’t really understand what the meant at the time but, I knew it was bad. I also knew how strong my grandmother was. She is such a fighter. I never lost hope in her just like she would never lose hope in us. Although my grandmother had a lot of sick days during this time period, she always kept hope. She never let anyone know how bad it really was. She always persisted and carried on supporting and caring for the people around her, which looking back i can see how difficult it actually was for her. After all her chemo treatments my grandmother kept fighting, she overcame the cancer, and is now cancer free! My grandma is so loving, she puts who she loves before anyone else. I can trust her with every secret I have because i know instead of judging, she will try to understand. If I am crying, she will hold me and try to come up with a solution to the problem or try and talk it out. I can complain to her about any and everything without criticism. She is the one person that inspires me to be a better person. And the only one who has not given up on me, no matter how difficult i may be. I will never forget her inspirational words, and the happiness she gives me on a daily basis. But, most of all, I’ll remember her love for every person in the world. And I hope she always remembers my love for her. I learned through her experiences that it is better to continue on forward instead of trying to repair the past, which i know is impossible to change. In addition to this, I learned that nobody is born with bad luck, it is just something inevitable that can be changed through hard work and courage. My grandmother has taught me so many things and so many lessons. When i have grandchildren i can only hope I will be as phenomenal as she is. That is why I chose her, my grandma, to be my hero.

Gender Socialization Is The Aspect Of Socialization

Gender socialization plays a part in pay gap within societies and America today. Gender socialization instills thoughts, behaviors, and attitudes into individuals throughout the lifespan. As a result, the outcomes of gender socialization, not only, prepares society for pay gap, but also prepares individuals to implement a gap in pay in relation to gender throughout societies. The discussion that ensues explains gender socialization and the impacts this has on, both, individuals and society in general. These stigmas are also related to the ongoing issue of pay gap present in societies today. â€Å"Gender socialization is the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a†¦show more content†¦Her toys may include, a baby doll, a kitchen, and a nurses outfit. These purchases imply appropriate behaviors of girls should be nurturing, homemakers, their success is acceptable at medial levels, and fall inline with appropriate behaviors. Kids television shows are often grouped and targeted towards either boys or girls. Advertising and packaging is also gender geared. Little boys are not depicted on commercials as playing with a baby doll, as little girls are not on commercials with a tool belt on and a hammer in their hand. Even when a parent is shopping on an internet site for toys, the option to filter these toys as girl toys and boy toys is given. This instills innate competition, or a clear division of what is appropriate for girls and what is considered appropriate for boys. â€Å"Through t he process of gender socialization we learn which attitudes and behaviors are considered to be appropriate for girls and boys, men and women, in a particular society.† (Kendall 92). Throughout the lifespan there are clear indications of what is fitting for males and females. Some indications are obvious while others are coded beneath the surface of a message. The example above gives insight to gender socialization among infants and toddlers. As school aged child and adolescents, our children are geared towards appropriate activities to participate in, such as football for boys and cheerleading for girls. ThisShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Socialization1676 Words   |  7 PagesSocialization is defined as the â€Å"process by which individuals acquire thoughts, feelings, and behaviors â€Å"appropriate† to their positions in society,† (Rohall 149). Individuals experience socialization beginning the day they are born, and throughout most of their lives. It can occur through everyday observation and interaction at every stage of development, or it can occur more formally though education and mentors. Socialization is important to how individuals interact in society and it also playsRead MoreGender Socialization And Social Control1508 Words   |  7 PagesBy and large, gender socialization is a major contributor to identity and self- concept. Gender therefore becomes a characteristic that defines other’s perceptions and evaluations of us. People come to manage gender along with aspects of other aspects of the self by making sure that we are acting in gender-appropriate way (Goffman, 1959, Libby). In itself, the self is a product of social forces and it emerges through socialization. Being that gender is a major function of one’s identity, stereotypesRead MoreGender Socialization Of Children : Gendered Toys, Media, And Parental Affects Child Development1289 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Gender role expectations are inescapable in our society as we naturally tend to sort humans into categories, the easiest one being gender. Upon first meeting a person, most people automatically classify the other’s gender. With this classification come the inevitable gender role expectations. Even for those who consciously try their hardest not to cloud their perceptions of others based on â€Å"traditional† gender role expectations, it is almost impossible not to subconsciously succumb to theseRead MoreSociology and Socialization Essay891 Words   |  4 Pages The term socialization can be defined as the process in which individuals learn the behavioral patterns that are most likely accepted and tolerated in society. This process includes the learning values in which children are taught and they develop the social values of their parents or guardians just by observing them. Socialization occurs from the birth of t he individual and continues throughout their life. Socialization is classifiedRead MoreGender Roles In Modern Society728 Words   |  3 PagesGender is an integral part of social practices of human interaction. It influences on all aspects of a persons life such as self-assertion and self-development, family, work, school, etc. Through the gender lens a person perceives any kind of information and passes it to the surrounding world by using a gender display. The process of gender socialization and the content of gender stereotypes has great importance not only for the life of an individual, but also for the progressive development ofRead MoreReview Of Richard Schaefer s Consuming Kids 976 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual characteristics allows one to gain a better understanding of the aspects and values of society and the institutions the individual is living in. My view of the relationship of the individual and his actions with society is similar to the interactionistsâ €™ view. People’s behaviors are shaped by other individuals and the wider society. Behavior is conditioned by social institutions and groups because of socialization. The movie â€Å"Consuming Kids† that the class watched depicts how the media hasRead MoreEssay about Socialization and the Learning of Gender Roles886 Words   |  4 PagesThe term socialization refers to the â€Å"lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture.† [Macionis et al. p 55] The concept of socialization is that our actions are driven/learned by culture. Socialization is also the foundation of personality, which we build by internalizing our surroundings. Through the lifelong process of socialization, society transmits culture from one generation to the next. A good example of socialization is the learning of genderRead MoreThe Issue Of Gender Roles883 Words   |  4 Pagesnot to get her dress dirty or that she is pretty, the parents implement and adopt unintentionally the gender roles imposed by society, and this is generally done really early in one’s lifetime. Gender roles are referred to as norms, which â€Å"dictates what types of behavior are generally considered acceptable, appropriate or desirable for a person based on their actual or perceived sex.† The term gender role is referred to society’s concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behaveRead MoreSocialization : An Individual s Development Of The Self868 Words   |  4 Pages Socialization enables us to continue to live as a society without relearning values, norms, and ways. It also shapes our self-images and helps shape our personalities. Through agents of socialization, we start to understand how to properly behave, what to expect from life, and how to follow societal norms. My family, school, peers, and media and technology are all agents of socialization. And although agents of socialization can aid us in understanding how to behave properly, the process can beRead MoreSocial Constructionism And Biological Determinism1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe ideology that gender is socially constructed is a view that has been present in a number of philosophical, sociological and psychological theories. This view shares an understanding that gender is a product of enculturation through a prescribed ideal, as well as determines what is considered socially appropriate behaviour for a person of a specific gender. Society is shaped globally through social order. Ea ch culture and society share a social order that is defined as a particular set of customs

Sundiata an Epic of Old Mali free essay sample

D. T. Niane’s book Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali tells the history of Mali’s former ruler from the perspective of a royal griot, Djeli Mamoudou Kouyate of the village of Dejliba Koro (Siguiri) in Guinea. According to Niane, he is not trying to write a traditional history book, rather, he is trying to present the history of Sundiata’s empire through the traditional African form of memory using oral tradition as his only sources. He claims that the West has taught historians to avoid oral traditions and to rely instead primarily on written documents. However, Niane disagrees with these methods and claims that much can be learned from the stories and traditions passed from generation to generation through spoken word. He makes a wonderful case for the problem of Westernization of the historical discipline; stressing that it is important to understand the people being studied on their own terms, instead of viewing their histories from Eurocentric perspectives. We will write a custom essay sample on Sundiata: an Epic of Old Mali or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The story of Sundiata begins before his birth. In the beginning, the griot establishes his authority on the subject by claiming that he was entrusted with these stories from his father and his father’s father. The griot also explains that griots take an oath and are unable to lie. According to tradition, Sundiata came from a long line of Malian kings. His father was a great and handsome man who was loved by his people. One day, Sudndiata’s father, Maghan Kon Fatta received a visiting hunter and soothsayer, who foretold that the king would one day have a son, that son would become a great ruler. However, the stranger informed Maghan Kon Fatta that in order for these things to come true, he must marry an ugly woman that would bear him this child. The woman eventually came in the company of two hunters; she was known as the buffalo woman and would become Sundiata’s mother. After the king Maghan Kon Fatta married the buffalo woman, Sologlon Kedjou, she became pregnant with a son, Sundiata. The king was overjoyed and upon the birth of the son, his first wife, Sassouma Berete, became increasingly jealous of Sologlon and her son. The child was named Mari Djata and will later be called Sologlon Djata and eventually Sundiata. However, Mari Djata failed to live up to his father’s high hopes as a child. He was unable to walk or talk at age three. Nonetheless, the king Maghan Kon Fatta entrusts the child with his griot, Doua to pass on the traditions and stories of Mali. Soon after, the king dies and so does Doua, the griot. At this point, the jealous first wife sends Sologlon, Mari Djata and his sister, Sogolon Djamarou, out of the palace and her son Dankaran Touman takes his father’s place as ruler of Mali. Sologolon is embarrassed because of her son and is taunted by Sassouma. One day, she returns from the palace crying and Sundiata hears his mother’s sobs. He decides to have a blacksmith create him an iron rod. He uses this rod to prop himself up and stand for the first time. Upon seeing him stand and walk, his mother and the whole city cheer and rejoice. This frightens the jealous Sassouma who convenes with a group of witches to plot out Sundiata’s murder. However, the witches refuse to follow through with his murder because of his kind nature. Unable to kill Sundiata, the queen mother, Sassouma exiles the family from Mali and they travel from city to city and kingdom to kingdom seeking refuge. Sundiata swore that he would return and take his proper place on the throne. As the years passed, Sundiata grew up. He was a great hunter and became very close friends with his half-brother Manding Bory. For a long time, the family stayed in Mema where the king, Moussa Tounkara, became very fond of Sundiata and trained him as a warrior and even made him heir to the throne of Mema. However, during this time the king of Sosso, Soumaoro Kante, had taken over Mali. Sundiata knows that as a man he must return to Mali and defeat the sorcerer king. Bella Fasseke, the griot, son of Doua belonged to Sundiata and was prisoner of Soumaoro Kante along with Sundiata’s sister Nana Triban, who had become one of the king’s many wives. Sundiata was a brave and fierce warrior and was able to defeat Soumaoro after several battles and was able to return his sister and his griot from under the power of Soumaoro. Sundiata became the rightful ruler of Mali and expanded Mali’s Empire far through conquering many lands. He was a kind and just ruler, loved by all. For the people of Mali, Sundiata is a national hero. This story is important to the identity of these people even today as a way to define themselves outside of their colonial status. Sundiata provides an example of greatness  for the people to cherish and aspire to. Sundiata, like Mali, is eternal. This book does an excellent job at portraying the life of Sundiata. However, it is not a traditional history book, meaning that it relies primarily on oral rather than written primary sources. Also, the author, Niane, does not present an argument, he simply retells or translates a story that is highly based on magic, superstition, and biased facts. Thus, while this book is an excellent story, it may not be totally objective or historically accurate in some of its assumptions and claims.

Ben Franklin BiographyCritique essays

Ben Franklin BiographyCritique essays In his many careers as a printer, moralist, essayist, civic leader, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, and philosopher, for later generations of Americans he became both a spokesman and a model for the national character. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts on Jan. 17, 1706, into a religious Puritan household. His father, Josiah, was a candlemaker and a skillful mechanic. His mother, Abiah Bens parents raised thirteen childrenthe survivors of Josiahs seventeen children by two wives (#1). Franklin left school at ten years old when he was pressed into his father's trade. At twelve Ben was apprenticed to his half brother James, a printer of The New England Courant. He generally absorbed the values and philosophy of the English Enlightenment. At the age of 16, Franklin wrote some pieces for the Courant signed "Silence Dogood," in which he parodied the Boston authorities and society (#3). At one point James Franklin was imprisoned for his liberal statements, and Benjamin carried on the paper himself. Having thus learned to resist oppression, Benjamin refused to suffer his brother's own domineering qualities and in 1723 ran away to Philadelphia (#1). Soon Franklin found a job as a printer. After a year he went to England, where he became a master printer, sowed some wild oats, amazed the locals with his swimming feats, and lived among inspiring writers of London. By 1726 Franklin was tiring of London (#1). He considered becoming an itinerant teacher of swimming, but when a Quaker merchant by the name of Thomas Denham offered him a clerkship in his store in Philadelphia, he decided to return home (#5). Returning to Philadelphia in 1726, he soon owned a newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette, and began to print Poor Richard's Almanac. In the Pennsylvania Gazette, a citizen asked editor Franklin the following question: "If A found out that his neighbor B was sleeping with his wife, was he justified in telling B's w...

communism1 essays

communism1 essays Communism has failed in Europe because of its lack of care for the individual, its corrupt leaders and also because it went against human nature. Two novels that demonstrate this statement are the semi-autobiographical We the Living by Ayn Rand, and Julian Barnes' The Porcupine. According to Ayn Rand, Communists were pitiless. When Kira, the protagonist of the story, begged for help to save her lover's life, the only answer she received from the general was "Why - in the face of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics- can't one aristocrat die?" (216). Communists say that they want everyone to be equal and have a good life, yet they contradict themselves in that they don't acknowledge each individual, which is the make-up of their so-called "collect." Since individuals didn't matter, people lived poorly. In Maria Petrovna's words, "'These are hard times, God have pity on us, these are hard times'" (27). Communism crushed people's hopes and it also broke them down. " 'We have no future,'" (27) said Simon. Barnes showed how people didn't matter in a Communist society by showing how people were exhausted. "People had been too busy, or too tired, to make love; that was another thing that had broken down...During the last statistical year, the number of live births had been exceeded both by the number of abortions and by the number of deaths" (63). Individual lives just didn't matter. Because people were so unhappy, they did not support the government. To maintain its standing, the government had to make sure that everyone lived in fear. This would decrease the chance of rebellion. In one of his articles, Steven Morewood talks about Gorbachev, a Communist leader. "Gorbachev concedes 'The totalitarian model had relied on dictatorship and violence, and I can see that this was not acceptable to the people'" (33) Neglect of the individual was not Communism's only fault. Corruption among its leaders was also very common. In We the Livin...

The influence of African and Asian Art on Modern Art Essay

The influence of African and Asian Art on Modern Art - Essay Example The development of the Royal Pavilion borrowed heavily from Asian art. The exterior of the building had a large Indian influence which makes it look like the Taj Mahal. This influence is tempered with the Gothic influence which makes the windows to appear like those of a castle. The design of the main entrance is inspired by Persian architecture. Its interior has a Chinese Gallery. For example, the hanging lamp is a feature of Chinese art. Moreover, the walls and the statues in the room reveal a deep Chinese influence in the building.In 1853, Admiral Perry traveled to Japan with a newly invented the camera. During his expedition, he took many photographs which American and European impressionists used to paint images of the Japanese people and culture. This led to the rise of new imperialism in which it was not only raw materials coming from the Far East to the West but also works of art that were used by artists. For example, the Portrait of Emile Zolla by the Paris based artist, Ed uard Manet revealed the influence of Asian artistic philosophy in which the painting is expected to not only dwell on the subject but to also communicate more about the individual. In this particular painting, the author is seen holding a book, while a portrait of a Samurai adorns the wall. In addition, the presence of a Japanese screen behind him shows that he is a cultured person. Moreover, Edouard Manet was fond of including fans in his paintings. For example, he asked a female associate to pose holding Japanese fans.

Taxes Should Go Up for the Upper Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Taxes Should Go Up for the Upper Class - Essay Example Higher taxes should be imposed on the higher income group. According to Monsebraaten in her article which appeared on the Toronto Star, she cited the president of TD Bank, Ed Clark, to aver that â€Å"as the country emerges from recession, Ottawa should consider cutting taxes for low-income Canadians who are being hit by both economic restructuring and an inequitable tax system that "discourages people from participating in the workforce". As evaluated, higher taxes to be imposed even in low-income earners would discourage people from joining the workforce and thereby preclude the government from generating individual income taxes. This was corroborated by La Follete, who, in his article entitled â€Å"Taxes Should be Higher – but fewer and direct†, indicated that â€Å"taxes should be levied in proportion to the ability of the taxpayer to carry the burden. Graduated income and estate taxes are based upon this sound principle†.... This was corroborated by La Follete (1938), who, in his article entitled â€Å"Taxes Should be Higher – but fewer and direct†, indicated that â€Å"taxes should be levied in proportion to the ability of the taxpayer to carry the burden. Graduated income and estate taxes are based upon this sound principle† (La Follette, 1938, p. 23). In a closer look at the components of earnings being subjected to taxes, Kuhnhenn (2012) disclosed that the proposal from presidential contender, Mitt Romney, indicated that a tax cap on deductions must be explicitly set to $17,000 to prevent higher income earners to present large amounts of expenses to be deductable from their taxable amounts. As averred, â€Å"Mitt Romney's idea to impose a $17,000 limit on taxpayer deductions would hit hardest on wealthy Americans, who make the most use of deductions to reduce their tax burden†¦ Roberton Williams of the Tax Policy Center said higher income taxpayers are much more likely to i temize their deductions than lower income taxpayers. "So right away this is going to affect people at the top end more than at the bottom," he said† (Kuhnhenn, 2012, pars. 1 & 10). The effect is still higher tax revenues to be generated from the higher income group, who have the greatest potentials to earn from a variety of sources; therefore, it validly supports imposing higher taxes to the upper class group. Another point of contention that supports imposing higher taxes on the upper class is the inverted pyramid structure of income distribution. As emphasized by La Follette (1938), â€Å"the distribution of income among the people may be represented by the familiar figure of a pyramid. At the top are a few millionaires. At the bottom are the multitudes of people who have

Unified Power Quality Conditioner Engineering Essay

Unified Power Quality Conditioner Engineering Essay Abstract-The aim of this paper is to present a constant frequency unified power quality conditioning system(CFUPQC)which consists of an unified power quality conditioner(UPQC) extended by adding a frequency changer in between the shunt active filter and series active filter . The series active filter and shunt active filters mainly used to compensate the voltage, current imbalance and harmonics. The frequency converter is used to compensate the supply frequency when it varies beyond the power quality limit. The proposed configuration all converters are connected back to back on the dc side and share the common dc link capacitor. The simulation results are presented to confirm that the new approach has better performance than the traditional UPQC. Index Terms-CFUPQC, frequency changer, voltage source converter (VSC), Matlab simulink INTRODUCTION Uunifed power quality conditioner is an advanced concepts in the area of power quality control. The basic working principle of unified power quality conditioner is based on series and parallel power converters that share a common dc link [1].Unified power quality conditioner is used to compensate voltage sag, voltage swell [2] , current harmonics [3] it is also creates an impact on the reactive power [4] through shunt voltage source inverter and series voltage source inverter. In order to avoid the switching oscillation, a passive filter is applied at the output of each inverter. At the output of shunt inverter a high pass second order LC filter is allocated and the output of series inverter low pass second order LC resonance filter is allocated. UPQC controller provides the compensation voltage through the UPQC series inverter and conditioning the current through the shunt inverter by instantaneous sampling of load current and source voltage. The reference current are compared with the shunt inverter output current (,) and are fed to hysteresis type (PWM) current controller. There are some problems with PQC. As the supply frequency changes the UPQC will not compensate the voltage sag and swell and current harmonics properly. This happens due to the presence of LC filters at the Inverters output terminals. It is directly affected by the variation of supply frequency. Fig.1: Basic Configuration of Constant Frequency Unified Power Quality Conditioner (CFUPQC) Fig 1 shows the proposed improved configuration of constant Frequency unified power quality conditioner. This modified unified power quality conditioner concepts enables the PWM converter to perform not only active filtering purpose, also the function of frequency changer. The compensation principle of the CFUPQC will be described in the coming sections. The proposed unified power quality conditioner has to satisfy the following requirements. Reactive power is maintained at minimum value. The load voltage should be maintained at the rated supply voltage. Maintain the input current with very low harmonic content. Assure the supply frequency is permissible within the power quality limits .The simulations result will be presented to validate the proposed CFUPQC. frequency quality indices In order to characterize the power system frequency under normal operating condition the following indices are used Where fr is the rated frequency (50 or 60) Hz and f is the real frequency. The relative frequency deviation (2) The integral deviation during the delay required to ensure appropriate of clock synchronized to the electrical network frequency (3) According to the standard En 50160/2006rated frequency of supply voltage is 50Hz.Under normal operation conduction the mean value of the fundamental frequency measured over loss stay within the following range. 50 Hz+ 1%.ie 49.5-50.5Hz for 99.5%of the year 50 Hz+ 4%.ie 47-52Hz for 100%of the time. But as power frequency may not be exactly 50Hz within the time interval. The fundamental frequency output is the ratio of the number of integer cycle counted clearing 10s time interval divided by the cumulative value of the integer value. The step taken to maintain the frequency with in required limits render deviation from the normalized value very rate phenomena. In this way an analysis is of the influence of frequency variation on the final customer is only for a reduced interval about +3Hz of the rated value and for rather short period. Within the reduced variation field (40%)a considerable number of static customers are not affected by the system variation(rectifier , resistance, ovens, electric arc ect)but 60%of the consumers (fans, motors ect)affected by the frequency variations. The asynchronous and synchronous driving motors connected the supply network used extensely in individual acceleration have the power frequency changes. Depending on the mechanical characteristic spee d of the motor and also depends on the supply frequency [13].The speed of asynchronous motors or synchronous motor unlimited drags to the electric power supply variations s proportional to the applied voltage frequency. The frequency variation leads to the correspond modification of the process production time throughout the supply with a reduced frequency depressing the supply frequency capacitive circuit, transformer, relay coil are affected Constant Frequency Unified Power Quality Conditioner (CFUPQC) CFUPQC structure Fig.3: Proposed Configuration Modified configuration of UPQC consist of shunt active filter, series active filter, voltage source inverter and voltage source converter shown in Fig(3).CFUPQC similar to the UPQC expect the frequency changing section. UPQC has the potential drawbacks in the hybrid filtering performance. Since its filter in characteristics depends on load impedance and supply frequency. CFUPQC series active filter is used for compensation the voltage harmonics and voltage imbalance In addition the voltage source converter supplies the AC to DC power and is fed to common DC link. The CFUPQC consists of parallel active filter (PAF) that eliminates load harmonics and compensates load reactive power. The control equation is Ipf=G.IL (4) Where g is the control function, is fundamental frequency.IL is the load current, Ipf is the parallel filter input current components for compensation are extracted from load current and load voltages using theory while the converter is a current controlled device using 20 kHz clocked hysteresis band. Series active filter (SAF) that compensates supply harmonics flicker, voltage sag/swell, unbalance and diode + capacitor type load harmonics to flow in to the parallel filter. Control equation is comp (5) Where k is regulator gain, Usf is the series filter voltage, Ish are harmonic supply current and Ucomp is compensation voltage needed to remove supply voltage imperfection. Ish are extracted to theory. Active rectifier (AR) for real power transfer to/from common DC bus and for DC bus control. Switching losses and power received from the dc link capacitors through the series inverter can decrease the average value of dc bus. Other distortions such as unbalanced conditions and sudden changes in load current can result in oscillation in dc bus voltage .In order to solve the fluctuated dc voltage the three phase rectifier is used .DC bus voltage is maintained constant using three-phase rectifier converter for bi-directional power flow and is controlled in such a way that it is insensitive to supply voltage imperfections. Rms value of the output voltage Vorms=0.9558Vml Rms value of the output current Iorms=0.9558Iml Where ml is maximum value of line current. Multi stage 48 pulse voltage source inverter (VSI) supplies the constant power frequency when the supply frequency will change. Here multilevel voltage source inverter is used, to eliminate the harmonic component of the output. The frequency converter is placed in between the series and shunt active filters. Normally the voltage source converters (rectifiers) generate the current harmonics. In order to avoid the harmonics and reactive power the rectifier is placed at the middle of the two active filters. Similarly if the load is increased voltage dip may occur in front of voltage source inverter. At the same time series active filter compensate the voltage problems. Control system of the CFUPQC shunt Part Fig.4: Control System of the Shunt CFUPQC 1) CFUPQC shunt inverter control system: In the Fig (4) shows the shunt inverter controlling block diagram of CFUPQC using synchronous reference frame theory where the sensitive loads current are . The measured currents of load are transferred in to frame using sinusoidal functions through synchronous reference frame conversion. The sinusoidal functions are obtained through the grid voltage using phase lock loop(PLL). Here the currents are divided in to ac and dc components (6) (7) The equation (6) and (7) and are the real and reactive components.ac components and dc elements can be derived by low pass filter.are the dc components and are the ac components of . The control algorithm corrects the systems power factor and compensates all the current harmonica component by generating the reference currents given in equation = (8) = (9) The reference current is transferred in to frame through reverse conversion of synchronous reference frame. Resulted reference current () and the output current of shunt inverter () are fed to the hysteresis band controller. Now the required controlling pulses are generated and the required compensation current is generated by the inverter applying these signals to shunt inverters power switch gates. 2) CFUPQC Series Inverter Control System Fig.5: Control System of the Series CFUPQC 2) CFUPQC series inverter control system: Fig (5) shows the CFUPQC series inverter controlling block diagram using synchronous reference frame theory. In this method the desired value of load phase voltages in d axis and q axis is compared with the load voltage and the result is consider as the reference signal. The supply voltage detected is detected and transformed in to the synchronous reference frame using (10) The compensating reference voltage in the synchronous reference frame is defined as (11) The compensating reference voltage in (11) is then transformed back into the reference frame .Resulted reference voltage () and the output current of shunt inverter () are fed to the hysteresis band controller. The required controlling pulses are generated and the required compensation voltage is generated. 3) Control system of 48 pulse voltage source inverter: 48-pulse voltage source converter consists of four three phase, 3-level inverters and 4 phase-shifting transformers creating phase shift of +/- 7.5 °degree. This transformer setup neutralizes all odd harmonics up to 45th harmonic. Eight 6-pulse inverters are combined to obtain a 48-pulse with the purpose of reducing harmonic content. Table 1 shows the values of phase shifts which are applied to the inverter voltages in two steps, namely in firing pulses and in Zig-zag transformers, to create a 48-pulse waveform at the output . Table 1:48 Pulse voltage source Inverter Coupling transformer Gate pulse pattern Phase shifting transfer Y-Y +11.25 ° -11.25 ° Δ-Y -18.75o -11.25o Y-Y -3.75o +3.75o Δ-Y -33.75o +3.75o Y-Y +3.75o -3.75o Δ-Y -26.25o -3.75o Y-Y -11.25o +11.25o Δ-Y -41.25o +11.25o content in the order of n= 48m ±1, where m= 0, 1, 2. The main-inverter intermediate-circuit capacitors together have an energy storage capacity of only 15 J/kVA. An output switching frequency of 1 kHz is chosen, which is fairly reasonable for this converter. Input is a frequency reference, which is passed through a rate limiter in order to be within the limits of maximum acceleration. Fig.6: Control System of the Frequency changer CFUPQC Except for the 23rd and 25th harmonics, this transformer arrangement neutralizes all odd harmonics up to 45th harmonic. Y and D transformer secondarys cancel harmonics 7+12n (7, 19, 31, 43,)and 5+12n (5, 17, 29, 41,) .In addition, the 15 ° phase shift between the two groups (Tr1Y and Tr1D leading by 7.5 °, Tr2Y and Tr2D lagging by 7.5 °) that allows cancellation of harmonics 11+24n (11, 35,) and 13+24n (13, 37,). Considering that all 3n harmonics are not transmitted by the transformers, the first harmonics that are not canceled by the transformers are therefore the 23rd, 25th, 47th and 49th harmonics. By choosing the appropriate conduction angle for the three-level inverter (ÏÆ' = 172.5 °), the 23rd and 25th harmonics can be minimized. Using a bipolar DC voltage, the voltage source inverter thus generates a 48-step voltage approximatly a sine wave. The secondary sides of the coupling transformers are connected in series to sum the output voltages of individual VSIs and resul ts in a multi-pulse phase voltage which can be expressed mathematically as follow (12) Both equations (12) and (13) which are phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral voltage representations, respectively, show that harmonics up to 47th order are inherently filtered. The signalization of the 48-pulse inverter are generated for the inverter having -41.25 of gate pulse phase and directly fed to the corresponding inverter. PWM signals for the remaining inverters are obtained by applying relevant phase shifts to the set of PWM signals generated. For example, in order to obtain the pulses for the inverter having -11.25o of gate pulse +30o of phase shift is applied to the closed loop current controllers output. In practice, the phase shifting of the pulses is realized by applying a delay in the first cycle. The generated set of pulses is the earliest set appearing at the time-line and since it is not possible to apply a negative delay the earliest appearing set is generated and the rest are delayed accordingly. When the supply frequency is exceeded beyond the power quality limit the constant frequency voltage source inverter control system change the load from source power supply to the constant frequency inverter power supply. Simulation Results The proposed system, simulation results is simulated by MATLAB software. Fig 7Current harmonic minimization when the supply frequency is normal In the above simulation some capabilities of UPQC to solve power quality problems are shown. The nonlinear load which is produced harmonic current to the network. Fig. 7 shows that the shunt part of UPQC compensates these harmonics Components when the supply frequency is normal. Now assume that a deep and unbalance voltage sag, as occurs at t = 0.2 s to 0.25 s and voltage swell occurred 0.26 and lasts for 0.3 second. Fig.8. Sag swell condition when the supply frequency is normal In Fig(8) the UPQC inject the compensation voltage via series inverter and compensate efficiently at 0.2 second sag condition and voltage swell condition at supply frequency normal (60Hz) Fig .9.Series UPQC when the frequency exceed the power quality limit In fig 9 shows the operation of UPQC when the supply frequency exceeds the power quality limits the output was not found satisfactory .The supply beyond the power quality limit (greater than 63 Hz)at 0.25 second the load voltage waveform varies. The frequency increase rapidly the voltage waveform highly distorted as shown in the simulation results Fig 9. Based on the simulation result Fig 10 it is intended that if the supply frequency varies greater than power quality limit the load current wave form is distorted. If the frequency increases the wave form also distort rapidly as shown in fig10. Fig 10. CF- UPQC Operated when Frequency greater than the Power quality limits Fig 11. CF- UPQC Operated when Frequency greater than the Power quality limits Fig 11showsthe proposed CFUPQC model was simulated for a period of 0.01 sec to 0.5 sec from the results in fig 11, it was seen that at 0.28 sec the supply frequency crossed the power quality limit at 0.29. Fig.12. CF-UPQCs inverter supplying current under over frequency condition The above simulation shows the 48 pulse inverter carries the load current when the supply frequency varied beyond the power quality limit. When the frequency exceed the limits at 0.28 sec. the voltage source converter supply the power. The above simulation result Fig(13) clearly shows when the frequency changes the asynchronous motor speed also changes and the UPQC also not deliver the voltage sinusoidal. In this case the load connected in to paper mills, relays are affected. Fig.13. UPQC connected asynchronous motor under over frequency condition Fig.14. CFUPQC connected asynchronous motor under over frequency condition The proposed model simulation fig 14 shows when the supply frequency change the motor speed not changed and the CFUPQC also work satisfactory TABLE I11 PARAMETER VALUES OF THE UNDERPROPOSED SYSTEM Power quality problems UPQC UPQC CF-UPQC CF-UPQC Frequency Hz 58-62Hz >62Hz-60-

Benito Mussolini: A Destined Failure Essay -- Italian History, Politic

Absolute power and influence, is and has always been something extremely difficult to obtain, and as we have seen throughout the course of history such authority and control left in the hands of a single person can quickly crumble at their very feet. As with most, this often happens in part by self-destructive means. Case and point, Benito Mussolini, a man who at one point held total power over the entire Italian population; seemingly overnight he lost all control and eventually found himself hanging from the end of a meat hook. Now knowing just who he was as a person, what actions he took, and the decisions he made, some might argue that his reign in the end was preordained for catastrophe. Myself, I would tend to agree with this statement. Nevertheless, let us take a few steps back and revisit the periods of Mussolini’s life leading up to his ultimate demise. The stages of his life in which he was influenced by loved ones and strangers alike. In essence, the moments in time that sculpted the intellect, opinions, beliefs, even ideologies of the man who was. Starting from the beginning and working forward, I want to dissect Mussolini in a way that helps us understand why and how he was shaped into the person he became. How was Mussolini influenced by his father and mother? What drove Mussolini to eventually create and promote Fascism as we know it? Then, with a freshly painted portrait of the man we knew as â€Å"Il Duce†, we can pinpoint the flaws of his being to see what went wrong in, or rather how Mussolini went about, implementing the fascist idea incorrectly. Moreover, with these questions in mind we can evaluate my perceived notion that Mussolini was simply destined for failure. Benito Mussolini was born the son of a blacksmit... ...ists) (Gregor 95). This was the first step of many that would take Mussolini’s small, organized group of followers and himself to their futures as ruling fascists. Once more Mussolini completely reinvented himself and his ideology in the years to come. On March 23, 1919, Mussolini founded the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, welcoming civilians and veterans alike in the fight for Fascism (Hoyt 113). Fascism in its’ early state spread under the values of nationalism and unity, despite ones class. However, Mussolini’s idea of fascism was not what it turned out to be. He took philosophies and ideologies alike and blended them to his approval. Mussolini’s fascism opposed democratic rule, protected the class system, rejected egalitarianism, encouraged militarization, and demanded civic duties for the states wellbeing; fascism was action and with action came results.

Relationship Between Private and Public Police

Relationship between Private and Public Police G00fydad CJS/250 March 10, 2013 John Doe Relationship between Private and Public Police The police in our society carry with them a deep sense of tradition and honor that stems from generations of serving and protecting the public. This pride can, at times, lead some police to believe that they are the last line of defense with the public they serve and any other entity that appears to be encroaching on that territory should be mistrusted.This attitude does not mix well with others attempting to perform the same job function such as private security. Thankfully this is not the consensus of all public police officers. Most public police understand that they require the assistance of the private sector and will welcome the help where it is offered. The public police also understand that that private security entities are often times the first to respond at many of the incidents that later involve the public police.It has been estimated tha t nearly 85 percent of the country’s critical infrastructure is protected by private security (Ohlhausen, 2004). When the private security firms handle such a large majority of the policing duties it is essential that the relationship between the private and public police forces relate well to one another and cooperate whenever possible. One of the largest issues with the relationship between the public and private police stems from the general population’s opinion.The public police are looked upon as the legitimate police force and the private security departments are looked upon with very little respect by the community at large. This can be seen at most shopping malls when someone is committing a crime. When the security officer intervenes that situation may only deescalate slightly and the participants still look upon the security officer with little respect. However, when a public police officer arrives the situation is typically handled swiftly and all parties in volved take things far more serious.This image of private security officers and the relationship they hold with the public police is often exacerbated by the media in television and movies. They portray the security officers as lazy, bumbling, and not very smart. Of course these are the media’s vision of private security, but this is the general public consensus about the private security firms. This attitude and lack clear role definition of the private security field is a major roadblock in path of cooperation between the public and private sectors.According to a report issued by the Private Security Advisory Council, the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, and the U. S. Department Of Justice the major causes for the role conflict problems is a lack of mutual respect, lack of communication, lack of cooperation, lack of law enforcement’s knowledge of private security, perceived competition, lack of standards, and perceived corruption (1977). This separation of the public and private police is becoming less noticeable these days thanks to the education of both sides.The public and private police understand that they require the help and cooperation of each other. For example, with regard to public and private space, the public police must have probable cause or a warrant issued by a judge in order to search a location. The private security officer does not require any such warrant. The private security officer only needs to conduct the search within the confines of his or her allowable space, or the area in which they normally operate.For instance, a public police officer may not be allowed to come into an office building and search the office for narcotics without a warrant, but the company’s security officer is fully allowed to search the premises and turn over any evidence found. This definition between public and private space can be an advantage to public police. However, if the private security does not feel obliged to coopera te then the public police will need to work through other, longer, channels to get their job completed.This can happen if the private security feels that they would rather handle an incident of criminal activity internally and will not allow the public police to intervene in the process. The private security entities make this decision from time to time for a variety of reasons including the mistrust of the court system to fully sanction the offender and the feeling that the current court system is a â€Å"revolving door† situation. It is situations such as these that prevent our public police and private security from having a truly unifying system.According to Boston Massachusetts Transit Police Chief Joseph C. Carter, since September 11, 2001 law enforcement agencies have been under tremendous pressure to conduct their traditional crime prevention and response activities and perform an immense amount of homeland security work, in a time of tight city, county, tribal, and s tate budgets (2007). In a time of financial crisis for all areas of the government we must rely on the private security development and ensure that the public police and the private security entities work together to keep things safe.In order for the public police and private security to truly work together government rules and regulations need to be enacted and the private sector would have to fall under the umbrella of government oversight. The private security entities would have to answer for the actions they take, and they would have to adhere to the same rules and regulations as public police. However, if this were to happen then the entire rules of search and seizure would have to change as well as many other law enforcement policies.Once this change takes place within the government the public and private police will be able to interact with little interference and issue making the ability to deal with crimes far easier. This will have the added benefit of improving not only the image of private security in the community’s eyes, but also the relationship between public and private police agencies. While the relationship between the public and private police agencies can be strained at times, and relaxed at others the cooperation between both is very important and should be encouraged by all involved.The public image of private security must also change and the officers within the realm of private security should be afforded the same respect and courtesy that public police already experience. This new attitude by the general populace coupled with government involvement and support will only serve to improve the relationship between public and private police. References Ohlhausen, P. (2004). In T Seamon (Chair). Building private security/public policing partnerships to prevent and respond to terrorism and public disorder. National policy summit.Retrieved from http://cops. usdoj. gov/files/RIC/Publications/national_policy_summit. pdf Bilek, A. (197 7, June). In A. Bilek (Chair). Law enforcement and private security sources and areas of conflict and strategies for conflict resolution. Retrieved from https://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/44783NCJRS. pdf Carter, J. (2007). Public-private partnerships: Vital resources for law enforcement. Retrieved from http://www. policechiefmagazine. org/magazine/index. cfm? fuseaction=display_arch&article_id=1257&issue_id=92007

How to Trace American Indian Roots in Your Ancestry

Whether you want to become an enrolled member of a federally recognized tribe, verify a family tradition that you descended from an American Indian, or just want to learn more about your roots, researching your Native American family tree beings just like any other genealogy research - with yourself. Start Your Climb Up the Family Tree Unless you have a large collection of facts on your Indian ancestor, including names, dates, and tribe, it is usually not helpful to begin your search in Indian records. Learn everything that you can about your parents, grandparents, and more distant ancestors, including ancestral names; dates of birth, marriages, and death; and the places where your ancestors were born, married, and died. You can start by constructing your family tree. Track Down the Tribe During the initial phase of your research, the goal, especially for tribal membership purposes, is to establish and document the relationships of Indian ancestors and to identify the Indian tribe with which your ancestor may have been affiliated. If youre having trouble finding clues to your ancestors tribal affiliation, study the localities in which your Indian ancestors were born and lived. Comparing this with Indian tribes that historically resided in or currently live in those geographical areas may help you to narrow down the tribal possibilities. The Tribal Leaders Directory published by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs lists all 566 federally recognized American Indian Tribes and Alaska Natives in a PDF document. Alternatively, you can access this same information through an easy-to-browse database of Federal and State Recognized American Indian Tribes, from the National Conference of State Legislators. John R. Swantons, The Indian Tribes of North America, is another excellen t source of information on more than 600 tribes, sub-tribes, and bands. Learn Background on Each Tribe Once youve narrowed your search to a tribe or tribes, it is time to do some reading on tribal history. This will not only help you understand the traditions and culture of the tribe in question but also evaluate your family stories and legends against historical facts. More general information on the history of Native American tribes can be found online, while more in-depth tribal histories have been published in book form. For the most historically accurate works, look for tribal histories published by University Press. Research Using the National Archives Once youve identified the tribal affiliation of your Native American ancestors, it is time to begin research in records about American Indians. Because the U.S. federal government interacted frequently with the Native American tribes and nations during the settlement of the United States, many useful records are available in repositories such as the National Archives. The Native American collection at the National Archives includes many of the records created by branches of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, including annual tribal census rolls, lists relating to Indian removal, school records, estate records, and claims and allotment records. Any American Indian who fought with federal troops may have a record of veterans benefits or bounty land. For more information on the specific records held by the National Archives, visit their Native American Genealogy guide or check out Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians, compiled by archivi st Edward E. Hill. If you want to do your research in person, most of the main tribal records are stored at the National Archives Southwest Region in Fort Worth, Texas. Even more accessible, some of the most popular of these records have been digitized by NARA and placed online for easy searching and viewing in the National Archives Catalog. Online Native American records at NARA include: Index to the Final (Dawes) Rolls of the Five Civilized TribesIndex to Applications Submitted for the Eastern Cherokee Roll of 1909 (Guion-Miller Roll)Wallace Roll of Cherokee Freedmen in Indian Territory, 1890Kern-Clifton Roll of Cherokee Freedmen, January 16, 18671896 Citizenship Applications Bureau of Indian Affairs If your ancestors had land in trust or went through probate, the BIA field offices in selected areas throughout the United States may have some records concerning Indian ancestry. However, the BIA field offices do not maintain current or historical records of all individuals who possess some degree of Indian blood. The records the BIA holds are current rather than historic tribal membership enrollment lists. These lists (commonly called rolls) do not have supporting documentation (such as birth certificates) for each tribal member listed. The BIA created these rolls while the BIA maintained tribal membership rolls.